Last Updated on: 25th December 2023, 08:07 pm
ஸ்பெயின் நாட்டின் மேட்ரிட் நகரில் முதல்முறை மெட்ரோ ரயில் வழித்தடம் அமைத்து ரயில் பயன்பாட்டிற்கு கொண்டு வரப்பட்டது 1919ஆம் ஆண்டு. முதல் பயணிகள் சேவை அறிமுகம் செய்யப்பட்டது அதே ஆண்டு அக்டோபர் 31ஆம் தேதி. இதற்கான ஒப்புதல் மூன்று ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்பே பெறப்பட்டு விட்டது. ஆனால் அடுத்தகட்ட ஏற்பாடுகளை செய்வதற்கு கால தாமதம் ஏற்பட்டது. இதற்கான திட்டமிடலை மெண்டோஸா, கன்ஸலேஸ், ஒட்டமெண்டி ஆகிய பொறியாளர்கள் உருவாக்கினர்.
அதில் சோல் முதல் குவாட்ரோ கேமினோஸ் இடையில் ரயில் பாதை அமைக்கப்பட்டது. இதற்கான செலவு என்பது 8 மில்லியன் பெசெடாஸ். அதாவது 50 ஆயிரம் டாலர்கள். இந்த திட்டத்தில் மன்னர் 13ஆம் அல்ஃபோன்சா தனது பங்களிப்பாக 1.45 மில்லியன் பெசெடாஸை முதலீடு செய்தார். இவரது தலைமையிலான நிறுவனம் தான் மெட்ரோ ரயில் திட்டத்தை வடிவமைத்தது. முதலில் 6 நிறுத்தங்கள் உடன் 3.48 கிலோமீட்டர் தூரத்திற்கு மட்டும் ரயில் இயக்கப்பட்டது.
மொத்த தூரத்தையும் கடப்பதற்கு 10 நிமிடங்கள் ஆனது. இதில் பயணம் செய்ய குறைந்த கட்டணமே வசூலிக்கப்பட்டது. ஒரு ரவுண்ட் சுற்றி வர 20 சென்ட் பெசெடாஸ் கட்டணம். அதாவது ட்ராமில் பயணம் செய்வதை விட குறைந்த செலவே ஆனது கவனிக்கத்தக்கது
இதில் 303 ரயில் நிலையங்கள் இடம்பெற்றன. இந்த முதல் ரயில் சேவை தற்போது 100 ஆண்டுகளை கடந்திருக்கிறது. நடப்பாண்டு 104வது ஆண்டை கொண்டாடிக் கொண்டிருக்கிறது. தற்போது நவீன தொழில் நுட்பங்களுக்கு ஏற்ப படிப்படியாக மேம்படுத்தப்பட்டு வந்துள்ளது.
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These two anomalies are related to, but should not be confused with, the Backus-Smith consumption-real exchange rate anomaly, which is the observation that in most economic models the correlation between the real exchange rate and relative consumption is high and positive, whereas in the data it ranges from small and positive to negative.
Commencement futures traders that expect to give up their day job and build good alive trading futures in their first few years of forex trading are usually dissatisfied.
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This time period was marked by the introduction of inheritance tax.
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Areas not already governed by way of civic corporations or police boards could be governed via centrally managed District Councils with authority over roads, faculties, and local policing.
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